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chloe ko.
christina chow.
mr. doktor's chemistry class
block g

home. mrdoktor.

Chemical Nomenclature

• Today the most common system is IUPAC for most chemicals

1. Ions
2. Binary Ionic
3. Polyatomic Ions
4. Molecular Compunds
5. Hydrates
6. Acids/ Bases

Chemical Formulas

*Be aware of the differences between ion and compund formulas*
ex. Fe(s)
      Fe ^3+ (aq)
N ^3- <---- ion charge
BeC2 <---- number of ions

example

• write the chemical formulas of magnesium oxide, calcium fluoride, gold (III) nitrate

1. MgF
2. CaF₂
3. Au(NO₃)₃

Multivalent Ions

• some elments can form more than one ion
• eg. Gold = Au ³⁺ or Au¹⁺
• The top number on the periodic table is more common
• if your not told which one to use, use the top one
• IUPAC uses roman numerals in parenthesis to show the charge
• classical (ie old) systems use latin names of elements and the suffixes
• -ic (larger charge) and -ous (smaller charge)
• examples:
• -Cuppic Oxide
  -ic refers to the larger charge
  Cu¹⁺    Cu²⁺
  CuO

Other Classical names

• Ferr----------------------Iron
• Cupp--------------------Copper
• Mercur-----------------Mercury
• Stann-------------------Tin
• Aunn--------------------Gold
• Plumb------------------Lead

Complex Ions

• complex ions are large groups of atoms that stay together during a chemical reaction
• almost all are anion(ion with negative charge)
• write the metal name and the polyatomic ion name
  -CH₃COO------------Acetate
• example:
• What is the chemical formula for LithiumSulphide?
  Li₂S

• some compounds can form lattice that bond to water molecules
  -copper sulfate
  -sodium sulfate
• without water the compound is often preceded by 'anhydrous'
• these crystals contain water inside them which can be released by heating
• to name hydrates:

1. write the name of the chemical formula
2. add a prefix indicating the number of water molecules
   mono------ONE
   di----------TWO
   tri---------THREE
   tetra-------FOUR
   penta------FIVE
   hexa-------SIX
   hepta-----SEVEN
   octa-------EIGHT
   hona------NINE
   deca------TEN
3. add hydrate after the prefix

• example: name the compund
  Li(ClO₄).3H₂O(s) ----------------------------Lithium Perchlorate trihydrate

Naming Acids &Bases

• hydrogen compounds are acids
  HCl(aq)-------hydrochloric acid
• hydrogen appears first in the formula unless it is part of apolyatomic group

Bases

NaOH-------nitrogen hydroxide

~CHLOE KO~