Shorten Class.
Friday, May 6, 2011 /6:29 PM
Today we had a shorten class, so we play a game. We builded different types of organic chemistry! IT was really fun!
-Chloe Ko
Amines and Amides
Thursday, May 5, 2011 /6:46 PM
Amines
-are funtion groups that contain a Nitrogen compound bonded to either Hydrogens or Carbons
- Primary amines have 1 carbon chain
- Secondary Amines have 2 carbon chains
- Tertiary amines have 3 carbon chains
Examples:
Draw the following for
1) ethyl methyl amine
2) trimethyl amine
Amides
- are functional groups with CONH3
-name the alkyl (carbon) chain and add -amide ending
-The simplest amide is ethanamide
Examples
Name the following amides:
1) Propanamide
2) 2 bromo 3,3 chloro butanamide
~christina :]
More Functional Groups: Carboxylic Acids, Ethers
Wednesday, May 4, 2011 /10:22 AM
Carboxylic Acids
- Carboxylic acids are formed by the function group:
- Use standard rules but change the parent chain ending to -oic acid
Methanoic Acid
- Draw the structural diagram for:
Butanoic Acid
2,2,2 trichloro ethanoic acids
Ethers
An Ether contains an oxygen group connected to two alkyl (carbon) chain
- Name the smaller alkyl group first, then the second alkyl group followed by ether
example:
- draw the chemical formula for dimethyl ether.
~Chloe Ko
Ketones and Aldehydes
Thursday, April 28, 2011 /5:47 PM
Ketones
- is a hydrogencarbon chain with a double bonded oxygen that is NOT on either end. IT IS USUALLY AROUND THE MIDDLE.
-follow standard rules and add -one to the parent chain
Examples:
Draw the structural diagrams for the following ketones.
1)2,4 dimethyl 3 pentanone
2) 5 bromo 2 chloro 3 ethyl 4 heptanone
Name the following ketones:
1) 4 methly 2 hexanone
2) 1 cyclopentanone
3) 5 bromo 4 phenyl 3 heptanone
Alydehydes
-is a compund that has a double bond oxygen at the END of a chain
- the simplest aldehyde is methanal AKA formaldehyde
- follow the standard rules and change the parent chain ending to "
-AL"
*
BE CAREFUL WHEN NAMING ALDEHYDES AND ALCOHOLS.*
Example:
Draw the following structural or line diagrams for
1) 3,3 dimethyl pentanal
2) Ethanal
3) 3 chloro 2 methyl hexanal
~christina :]
Functional Groups: Alcohol, Halides, Aldehydes, Ketones
/4:45 PM
- Organic compounds can contain elements other than C and H
- These are know as functional groups
- Carbon chains without functional groups are written as
- In Chemistry 11 we will learn about a different functional groups
- Alcohols
- Halides
- Aldehydes
- Ketones
- Carboxylic Acids
- Ethers
- Amines
- Amides
- Esters
Alcohols
- An alcohol is a hydrocarbon with a -OH bonded to it
- Same naming rule apply but the parent chain ending to -ol
ethanol
example:
- draw the structural diagrams for the following alcohols
- 3 methyl 6 propyl 1 octanol
Multiple -OH
- If a compound has more than one -OH group number both and add -diol, triol, ending.
1, 2 ethanediol
Halides
- Group 7 elements (F,Cl,Br,I) can bond to a hydrocarbon chain
- Naming follows standard rules with halides using floro-,chloro-, bromo- and iodo-
trichloromethane
-Chloe Ko
Alicyclics and Aromatics
Wednesday, April 20, 2011 /6:29 PM
-Carbon chains can form 2 types of closed loops
-Alicyclics are loops usually made with single bonds
-If the parent chain is a loop standard naming rules apply with one addition: "cyclo" is added infront of the parent chain
There are 3 different ways to draw organic compounds:
- Complete structural diagram
- Condensed structural diagram
- Line Diagram (mostly used because its way easier to draw and you dont have to include all the hydrogens) :)
*Numbering can start anywhere and go clockwise or counterclockwise on the loop but side chain numbers MUST be the lowest possible!*
Examples:
Name the following compounds:
1) 1,3 dimethyl [numbering is in red]
2) 1 methyl cyclopropane [numbering is in red]
Aromatics:
-Benzene (C6H6) is a cylic hydrocarbon with unique bonds between the carbon atoms
-Structurally it can be drawn with alternating double bonds
-careful analysis shows that all 6 c-c bonds are identical and really represent a 1.5 bond
-this is due to e- resonance
-e- are free to move all around the ring
Aromatic nomenclature:
-A Benzene molecule is given a special diagram to show its unique bond structure
-Benzene can be a parent chain or a side chain
-As a side chain is given the name phenyl
Examples:
Draw the diagrams for:
1) 1 methyl 2 butyl 3 ethyl benzene
2) 5 methyl 2 phenyl hexane
Name the following compunds:
1) 6 butyl 2,4 diethyl 1,3 dimethyl 5 propyl bezene
2) 6 ethyl 5 phenyl 2 propyl 1 nonene
~christina :]
Alkenes & Alkynes
Tuesday, April 19, 2011 /7:24 PM
Double & Triple Bonds
- carbon can form double and triple bonds with carbon atoms
- when multiple bonds form fewer hydrogens are attached to the carbon atom
- naming rules are almost the same as with Alkanes
- The position of the double/triple bonds always has the lowest number and is put in front of the parent chain
- Double bonds (Alkenes) end in -ene
- Triple bonds (Alkynes end in -yne
1 Butene
2 Butene
example
- What is the name of this akene?
- What is the name of this akene?
- What is the name of this Alkyne?
Trans & Cis Butene
- If two adjacent carbons are bonded by a double bond AND have side chains on them two possible compounds are possible
Multiple double bonds
- More than one double bond can exist in a molecule
- Use the same multipliers inside the parent chain
example
- draw the structural diagram.
Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene)
